Classes are Just a Prototype Pattern
My friend Dave Fayram (who helped bring advanced LSI classification to Ruby’s classifier) has heeded Matz’s advice to learn Io and is bringing me with him. I have been thinking a lot about prototyped versus class-based languages lately and once I really understood it, I fell in love. I have a feeling I will be writing a lot about this topic, but here is a brief introduction.
# Class-based Ruby
class Animal
attr_accessor :name
end
# A class can be instantiated
amoeba = Animal.new
amoeba.name = "Greenie"
# A new class needs to be defined to sub-class
class Dog < Animal
def bark
puts @name + " says woof!"
end
end
# A sub-class can be instantiated
lassie = Dog.new
lassie.name = "Lassie"
lassie.bark # => Lassie says woof!
Notice in the Io version that you never ever define a class. You don’t need to.
# Prototype-based Io
Animal := Object clone
# An object can be instantiated
amoeba := Animal clone
amoeba name := "Greenie"
# An object can be used to sub-class
Dog := Animal clone
Dog bark := method(
write(name .. " says woof!")
)
# An object can be instantiated
lassie := Dog clone
lassie name := "Lassie"
lassie bark # => Lassie says woof!
You will notice some syntactical differences immediately. First, instead of the dot (.) operator, Io uses spaces (note: technically, with a couple lines of Io you can actually make Io use the dot operator or the arrow operator (->) or anything else you would like).
Next, you will notice that instead of making a new instance of a class, when you use prototype-based languages you clone objects. This is the foundation of prototyping… defining classes is unnecessary, everything is just an object! Furthermore, every object is essentially a hash where you can set the values of the hash as methods for that object.
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59 Comments:
Hrm..javascript is a prototyped language, did you not notice?
6:10 PM, July 24, 2006
And ecmascript is loosely based on Self (which was written as a simplification of Smalltalk), the language that lost to java in Sun :( ... Ain´t history peculiar?
10:55 PM, April 20, 2007
hey ;)
IMHO you should read about JavaScript inheritance technics. You will probably find, like many have, that prototypes are not types (classes). You should also understand that prototypes are meant for untyped languages (also not type-safe). Dig further ;)
2:41 PM, June 30, 2008
... check this out:
http://truecode.blogspot.com/2006/08/object-oriented-super-class-method.html
have fun ;)
2:45 PM, June 30, 2008
IMHO you should read my article before commenting... I never said that prototypes are classes, I said you can model classes within a prototype based system.
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